Changes inevitable but not painless

By Greg Lakes, editor
Headwaters News
March 20, 2002

Countless small towns across the West may be adapting to a flood of newcomers coming in and a tide of traditional industries going out, but the transition still isn't easy.

Phelps Dodge Corp.
employed 2,400 people at two copper mines near Silver City, N.M., three years ago. Since, it has laid off all but about 700, and support industries have laid off 400 more.

Not far away, Loving, N.M., had seven operating potash mines a few years ago. Three are still operating but with 1,000 or so fewer workers.

Both of those cities are typical of Southwestern communities where traditional mining and farm products have been squeezed by global competition.

A few of those towns are growing anyway, those in the path of urban sprawl, but even there, the dichotomy can be dramatic. In Queen Creek, Ariz., a cotton-farming town of 5,000 being shored up by suburbanites, the average price of a new home is $300,000, while most of the older homes qualify for federal renovation loans.

Montana hasn't been hit as hard by the current recession as most of the nation, simply because it doesn't have the kinds of industry that suffer most. Instead, Montana added jobs in January, most of them in construction and health services, plus about 200 in mining, compared with a year ago.

Reading between the lines, two of the state's fastest-growing counties, Flathead and Ravalli, also had the highest unemployment rates, arguably evidence of the transition between old economy and new. The timber industry, other than log home manufacturers, has been all but eliminated in Ravalli County and pushed to the brink in Flathead County, while those newcomers need new homes and a growing and aging population supports more health services.

Meanwhile, Plum Creek Timber Co. is offering 20,000 acres of real estate with trophy home potential in Montana's Swan Valley. Critics immediately focused on what they said was the company's breach of a complicated agreement to rotate timber harvest and other activities among state, federal and private lands to protect the area's grizzly bears.

But the move also underscores the point that the land has become more valuable for subdivisions than for growing trees.

Even Forest Service projects billed as rehabilitation are far from assured sources of timber for local mills. Three projects on the Clearwater National Forest, long one of Idaho's most productive in terms of volumes logged, would supply 100 million board feet of timber, introduce controlled burns and return a creek to its original meanders.

But environmentalists say the proposals, particularly those in roadless areas, are just new euphemisms for more logging.

Measuring unemployment, per capita income and labor earnings reveals critical aspects of local economies, but perhaps the most wrenching changes are in the sense of place most recently described by essayist George Sibley in High Country News.

He paraphrases Wallace Stegner:

No place is a place, until two things have happened: one, things that have happened in it are remembered in history, ballads, yarns, legends, or monuments; and two, it has had that human attention that at its highest reach we call poetry. So geography only becomes a place when some set of humans becomes all bound up with it in some way.

As that tide of newcomers buys ranchettes and trophy tracts, the mills and mines close, Main Streets are renovated with Old West themes and the economy shifts toward construction and service jobs, the sense of place slips away. There aren't enough people that have been around long enough to recall the yarns.

"More to the point," writes Sibley, "they all arrive with a well-developed sense of what civilized people do once they get to the place they've chosen. The more money they come with, the stronger their sense of what a place should be, and their place in the place."

And all over the rural West, that's a lot different than what it was.


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